Central Asian Journal of Medicine

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE LIVER OF INFANTS WHO DIED IN THE NEONATAL PERIOD BORN WITH PREECLAMATION

Eshbaev E.A., Allanazarov I.M. — 2025-06-07

In order to examine the changes in the liver of infants who died in the early neonatal period due to preeclampsia, immunohistochemistry was used to detect active changes in hepatocytes, to determine whether or not the characteristics of hepatocytes change, and to interpret the changes in the antigenic structure. It should be noted that through immunohistochemical examination, we were able to detect necrosis, pre-necrosis, proliferative indicators, and then to determine the activity of blood cells in the liver.

A CLINICAL CASE OF LOBULAR CAPILLARY HAEMANGIOMA OF THE NASAL CAVITY DURING PREGNANCY

Lutfullaev G.U., Nematov O.S. — 2025-06-07

A benign lesion called a lobular capillary haemangioma originates in the vascular tissue of the skin, mucosa, muscles, glands, and bones. These lesions spread quickly. Rarely occurs nasal localization. Pregnancy and microtrauma are the two most frequently suggested aetiological reasons. Pregnancy-related incidence has been reported to range from less than 2% to roughly 5%. Depending on the severity of the symptoms and the stage of the pregnancy, the treatment of a pregnant woman with such a lesion may be complicated. The preferred course of treatment is complete surgical excision, either with or without pre-operative embolization.

DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF SUDDEN SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS: LITERATURE REVIEW AND RESEARCH METHODS

Lutfullaeva G.U. — 2025-06-07

A distinguishing feature of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is a rapid onset of sensorineural hearing impairment occurring within 72 hours, which is almost always unilateral. Most cases are idiopathic, and the degree of hearing loss significantly affects the prognosis for recovery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of steroid and antiviral therapy in the treatment of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. We conducted a retrospective study of patients who presented to a tertiary academic specialty medical center. A total of 51 patients were examined. All patients received a standardized treatment regimen. Our treatment protocol resulted in a hearing recovery rate that exceeded the rate of spontaneous recovery. Antiviral therapy and extended steroid treatment duration may contribute to improved recovery outcomes.

DEXAMETHASONE INJECTION INTRATYMPANIC FOR REFRACTORY SUDDEN SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS

Lutfullaeva G.U. — 2025-06-07

The purpose of this case-control study was to examine the impact of intratympanic dexamethasone injection (ITDI) as a therapeutic alternative for individuals with SSNHL who did not respond to traditional oral steroid therapy. This study comprised sixty-six SSNHL patients who had not responded to an oral steroid treatment regimen. Pure-tone average (PTA) improvement was defined as more than 10 dB. Two (6.1%) of the 33 patients in the control group and 13 (39.4%) of the 33 patients who received ITDI showed improvements in their hearing. Eleven out of twenty patients who did not exhibit any improvement in PTA by ITDI demonstrated improvement over 10 dB in certain frequencies, whereas five out of thirteen patients represented hearing improvement above 20 dB in PTA. There were no definite prognostic factors between the patients who responded to ITDI and those who did not.

WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE AND ALUMINUM ON THE BRAIN?

Zaripova O.O. — 2025-06-07

Synthetic food colorants are organic compounds that do not occur naturally, meaning they are artificially produced. Most of them have been used in the global food industry for decades. Many of these colorants form insoluble complexes (lakes) with metal ions and, in this form, serve as pigments for coloring powdered products, dragees, tablets, and chewing gum. Unlike natural food colorants, synthetic ones do not exhibit biological activity and do not contain flavoring compounds or vitamins. However, they offer significant technological advantages over natural colorants, as they are less sensitive to processing and storage conditions while providing bright, easily reproducible colors [7], [8], [9].

THE ROLE OF ULTRASOUND EXAMINATION IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF ATOPIC DERMATITIS IN CHILDREN

Abidov Kh.A., Utkirova Sh.M. — 2025-06-07

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by impaired skin barrier function, immune dysregulation, and vascular changes, posing significant diagnostic and monitoring challenges. Recent advancements in high-frequency ultrasound imaging, Doppler ultrasonography, and shear-wave elastography have positioned ultrasound as a promising non-invasive tool for assessing structural and functional skin changes in AD. This article reviews the diagnostic value of ultrasound in evaluating epidermal and dermal alterations, vascularization, and tissue elasticity in pediatric AD patients. By analyzing data from clinical studies, we highlight how ultrasound complements traditional diagnostic methods, such as the SCORAD index, and supports personalized treatment strategies. The integration of ultrasound modalities enhances the understanding of AD pathogenesis and aids in monitoring disease progression and therapeutic efficacy.

WHEN ALGORITHMS MEET ANATOMY: UZBEKISTAN'S MEDICAL EDUCATION IN THE AGE OF TECHNOLOGY

Bazarbaev M.I., Sayfullaeva D.I. — 2025-06-07

In the context of rapid digital transformation, medical education in the Republic of Uzbekistan is experiencing significant qualitative shifts.This article examines the growing role of information technologies — including artificial intelligence — in shaping the professional training of future healthcare providers. Particular attention is paid to interdisciplinary approaches, the enhancement of analytical and diagnostic skills, and the integration of digital responsibility and medical ethics into the learning process.
Using the example of the Tashkent Medical Academy, the article highlights how modern platforms and simulation technologies facilitate the development of competent, practice-ready specialists. The study aims to underscore the pedagogical significance of digital innovations in fostering both professional competence and a deep sense of humanism and ethical responsibility among medical students.

MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF NEW LOCAL STRAINS OF BIFIDOBACTERIA AND LACTOBACILLI USING 16S RRNA

Sharipova Z.O. — 2025-06-07

In light of the growing interest in using probiotic microorganisms in medicine and the food industry, there is an increasing need to develop effective methods for their identification and characterization. This study presents the results of molecular genetic analysis of newly isolated local strains of bacteria from the genera Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, obtained from samples collected in Uzbekistan. For identification purposes, methods of amplification and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene were used, along with species-specific primers when necessary. The obtained nucleotide sequences were compared with NCBI databases, allowing for precise determination of the taxonomic position of the studied isolates. The research revealed the presence of both widely distributed and unique strains with potential for further application in the development of probiotic preparations. The acquired data contribute to expanding knowledge about the biodiversity of probiotic microflora and highlight the significance of local microbiological resources.

EVALUATION OF BRAIN TUMORS USING MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING IN ADULT PATIENTS

Khodjibekov M.Kh., Alisherova M.A., Ilhamov D.F. — 2025-06-07

This descriptive and analytical study was carried out at the Republican Specialized Scientific-Practical Center of Neurosurgery between January 2023 and September 2023 to assess brain tumors using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The study included a sample of 30 patients, both male and female, aged between 20 and 80 years, who were suspected of having brain tumors. The results indicated that the most affected age group was 40 to 60 years, accounting for 46.7% of cases, whereas the 60 to 80-year age group had the lowest prevalence at 16.7%. Female patients were more commonly affected than males, making up 53% of cases compared to 47% for males. Non-malignant tumors were the most prevalent, comprising 57% of cases. Among malignant tumors, 84.7% were classified as primary, while 15.3% were secondary. Meningioma was the most frequently observed tumor type on MRI, accounting for 43.3% of cases in both male and female patients.

ANALYSIS OF INFLAMMATORY DISEASES OF THE UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT AND ANTIBIOTIC DRUGS USED IN THEM

Yodgorova N.T., Mamanov J.B., Makhsudkhojayeva Kh.M. — 2025-06-07

The purpose of the study: to identify cases of infection with inflammation of the upper respiratory tract and their sensitivity to antibiotics of the population of the Republic of Uzbekistan for the period 2023-2024 in administrative regions (by cross section of Regions). Materials and methods: in the bacteriological Lobaratorium of the Tashkent Medical Academy of the Republic of Uzbekistan, infections detected in patients with nasal infections from the second half of 2023 to the beginning of 2024, as well as microorganisms detected in them, their sensitivity to antibiotics were analyzed. Bacteriological, statistical methods were used. Results analysis and discussion. During this 6-month period, 148 patients (30 men, 118 women) had complaints of inflammatory diseases in the nasal cavity. Samples from them were collected in 145 of the total patients when the laboratory was diagnosed with 160 different bacteria (Streptococcus ssp.-25%, Staphylacocus aureus-30%, Candida ssp.-20%, Proteus mirabilis -10%, Pseudomonas auriginosa-10% and Klebsiella ssp.-5%). Microorganisms were not detected in 3 patients. Conclusion: as a result of the analyzes, we can see more (80%) women with inflammation of the nose get sick (the average age was 30-35). The bacterium that causes the most inflammation is Staphylacococcus aureus (30%), as well as the bacteria from the most effective antibiotics: sulfamethoxazole, Levofloxocin, amoxicillin and ampicillin, gave a good result.

CHANGES IN THE CELLULAR COMPOSITION AND BIOCHEMICAL INDICATORS OF SYNOVIAL FLUID IN CHRONIC SYNOVITIS

Inoyatova F.Kh., Islamova N.U., Karimov M.Yu. — 2025-06-07

The article presents the results of a study of the cellular composition and physicochemical properties of synovial fluid (SF) in patients with acute and chronic synovitis of the knee joint. It was found that chronic synovitis is accompanied by more pronounced changes in cellularity and inflammatory markers in the SF compared to the acute process. An analysis of cytological parameters was performed, including the number of leukocytes, erythrocytes, the presence of polynuclear cells, rhagocytes, histiocytes, macrophages and crystals, using a modified formula for the inflammatory activity index. A direct relationship was found between the degree of turbidity of the SF, the number of leukocytes and the severity of degenerative changes in the joint. The data obtained confirm the diagnostic significance of a comprehensive analysis of the SF in assessing the severity of the inflammatory process and predicting the course of chronic synovitis of the knee joint.

DIFFERENTIAL CLINICAL INDICATORS IN CHILDREN WITH ASPERGER’S AND KANNER’S SYNDROMES

Doniyorova F.A. — 2025-06-07

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) encompasses a wide range of neurodevelopmental syndromes, most notably Asperger’s syndrome (AS) and Kanner’s syndrome (KS). Despite overlapping characteristics, key clinical differences exist between these syndromes. This study investigates differential clinical indicators in 240 children aged 3–11 years, categorized into AS and KS groups. Emphasis was placed on speech development, cognitive functioning, comorbidity profiles, and social behaviors. The results support the necessity for a refined diagnostic approach and tailored therapeutic strategies.

MODERN APPROACHES TO THE TREATMENT OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS WITH CHRONIC HEART FAILURE

khatov Sh.Sh., Najmutdinova D.K. — 2025-06-07

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and chronic heart failure (CHF) often occur together, exacerbating each other's course and worsening the patient's prognosis. The relationship between these diseases is determined by pathophysiological mechanisms, including insulin resistance, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction.
Diabetes mellitus, a widespread socially significant disease with numerous micro- and macrovascular complications, acts both as a risk factor for heart failure and as a condition that significantly exacerbates its course.
The relationship between diabetes and CHF is complex and is caused by several mechanisms. Diabetes contributes to the development of cardiomyopathy, impaired diastolic function of the heart and the progression of coronary artery atherosclerosis, which eventually leads to the development or worsening of CHF [9].

MORPHO-FUNCTIONAL CHANGES IN THE ENDOCRINE PANCREAS OF WHITE RATS UNDER METABOLIC SYNDROME CONDITIONS

Ergashev S., Usmanov R., Niyozov N. — 2025-06-07

To assess the morphological characteristics of the pancreas in experimental metabolic syndrome. Materials and Methods: White laboratory rats under hypokinetic conditions were used in the experiment. To achieve the research goal, the pancreases of 51 sexually mature white laboratory rats were examined. The animals were divided into two groups. The first group consisted of intact adult rats (control). In the second group, the rats were placed in a special cage with an area of 150 square cm to induce an experimental metabolic syndrome model. Results: In experimental metabolic syndrome, vacuolization of the cytoplasm, irregular nuclear shape, and nucleolar segmentation were observed in the beta-cells of the endocrine part of the pancreas. These changes may be associated with impaired intracellular transport and reduced secretory activity. In alpha-cells located at the periphery of the islets, increased glucagon expression, chromatin condensation, and indistinct cell boundaries were detected, indicating a disruption of hormonal balance. Conclusion: Under metabolic syndrome conditions, a decrease in the number and size of pancreatic islets, structural abnormalities in beta-cells, and mild edema and vascular changes in the surrounding connective tissue were observed. These changes were accompanied by reduced hormonal activity of the gland.

OROPHARYNGEAL CANDIDIASIS: COMPARISON OF CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ACUTE AND CHRONIC COURSE

Ismatova K.A. — 2025-06-07

Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) is one of the most common fungal infections of the oral mucosa, pharynx and larynx caused by yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida. Candida albicans remains the most common pathogen, but the clinical significance of other species (C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis) is increasing. The aim of this review is to summarize current data on the clinical characteristics of acute and chronic course of OFC, analysis of risk factors, diagnostic methods and approaches to therapy. The importance of immune status, background diseases and iatrogenic factors in the pathogenesis of the disease is considered, and modern classification approaches, differential diagnostics and therapeutic strategies are presented. The need for an individualized approach and preventive measures to prevent relapses is substantiated.

EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SURGICAL TREATMENT IN CLINICAL FORMS OF TRANSIENT ACUTE PARAPROCTITIS

Yakubov D.R., Yodgorova N.T., Mamanov J.B., Makhsudkhojayeva Kh.M. — 2025-06-07

Research objective: To study the methods used in Uzbekistan to quickly and without complications treat patients with acute acute paraproctitis by correctly diagnosing them and applying the right treatment measures. Materials and methods: In the purulent surgery department of the Rustamov's clinic of Mirzo Ulugbek district of Tashkent city, 45 patients with paraproctitis were admitted in October-November 2024 and divided into 20 control groups and 25 patients into main groups. The medical history of the patients was studied and a retrospective analysis was conducted. Paraproctitis with aerobic flora was observed in all patients. Also, additional examinations, including: a sharp increase in the leukocyte and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in the blood test, were observed. Analysis and discussion of results: Additional tests, including: a sharp increase in the leukocyte and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in blood tests, were also observed. After the operation, the patients were administered detoxification, antibiotic, analgesic, antihypoxic, and tissue metabolism-improving drugs. Conclusion: One of the main aspects is correct and early diagnosis of the disease and successful surgery, which allows the process to be uncomplicated.

COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TRADITIONAL AND DIFFERENTIATED CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT METHODS FOR AVASCULAR NECROSIS OF THE FEMORAL HEAD FOLLOWING COVID-19 INFECTION

Karimov M.Yu., Kayumov J.Sh. — 2025-06-07

Background: Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head is an ischemic bone disease that can progress to joint destruction. Post-COVID-19 patients are increasingly being diagnosed with AVN due to virus-induced vascular damage. Traditional treatments often fail to target the altered microvascular environment caused by COVID-19. Objective: To evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes of a new combination treatment for AVN in post-COVID patients. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted with 198 patients diagnosed with MRI-confirmed Stage 1–3 AVN of the femoral head post-COVID infection. Patients were divided into two groups: conventional therapy (n = 90) and novel combination therapy (n = 108). Clinical, radiographic, and quality-of-life outcomes were assessed over 6 to 18 months. Results: The main group had lower femoral head collapse (10.2% vs. 37.8%), reduced surgical intervention (2.8% vs. 6.7%), and significantly improved SF-36 quality of life scores. MRI scans indicated better structural preservation, and VAS scores for pain improved more markedly in the main group. Conclusion: This novel multimodal treatment combining bisphosphonates and hirudotherapy significantly improves outcomes in AVN following COVID-19, offering a promising non-surgical alternative for early-stage disease.

COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF A LOCALLY ADAPTED SALINE-BASED DEL NIDO CARDIOPLEGIA IN PEDIATRIC SEPTAL DEFECT REPAIR

2025-06-07

Background: In pediatric cardiac surgery, the prevention of ischemic myocardial injury remains a key factor in ensuring favorable outcomes. The cardioplegia technique selected during surgery plays a decisive role in protecting the immature myocardium in infants and toddlers undergoing correction of congenital heart defects (CHDs).
Aim: To evaluate and compare the incidence of early postoperative myocardial injury in children aged 12 to 36 months who underwent open surgical repair of septal congenital heart defects, depending on the type of cardioplegic solution applied-crystalloid versus a locally adapted blood-based del Nido cardioplegia.
Study Design and Methods: This single-center, prospective, comparative clinical study was carried out at the National Children's Medical Center (Uzbekistan) from February 2021 to December 2024. Ninety-one pediatric patients with atrial or ventricular septal defects were assigned to two treatment arms: 44 children received traditional cold crystalloid cardioplegia, while 57 were treated using a modified del Nido solution containing oxygenated blood in a 4:1 ratio. The main outcome measure was a persistent >10-fold elevation in plasma troponin I within 6 hours postoperatively and at the 24-hour mark. Additional parameters included left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) changes and need for inotropic support.
Findings: The rate of significant troponin I elevation was considerably lower in the del Nido group (31.3%) than in the crystalloid group (62.5%; p < 0.001). Although both groups demonstrated a postoperative decline in LVEF, the reduction was markedly less in the del Nido group (18% vs. 30.7%), suggesting more efficient myocardial protection.
Conclusions: The use of a blood-enhanced del Nido cardioplegia formulation demonstrated clear clinical advantages over crystalloid cardioplegia in pediatric patients undergoing septal defect repair, resulting in reduced biochemical markers of myocardial injury and better preservation of ventricular contractility in the early postoperative period.

BALANCED AMINO ACID NUTRITION IN SEPSIS WITH ORGAN FAILURE

Muralimova R., Ibragimov N. — 2025-06-07

Background: Sepsis complicated by multiple organ failure (MOF) remains a critical challenge in intensive care. Adequate nutritional support plays a key role in modulating the metabolic response and improving clinical outcomes.Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of parenteral nutrition enriched with balanced amino acid solutions in patients with sepsis and MOF compared to standard formulations.Methods: A total of 80 postoperative patients with sepsis and MOF were enrolled. The intervention group (n=43) received parenteral nutrition with balanced amino acids (Gepa, Nefro), while the control group (n=37) received standard amino acid solutions. Biochemical, hemodynamic, and clinical parameters were assessed over 14 days.Results: Patients receiving balanced amino acids showed earlier reductions in catabolism, improved protein metabolism (albumin, transferrin levels), lower inflammatory markers (CRP, fibrinogen), and better SOFA/APACHE II scores by day 14. Duration of mechanical ventilation and time to gastrointestinal recovery were shorter.Conclusion: The inclusion of balanced amino acids in parenteral nutrition significantly improved clinical outcomes in septic patients with MOF, emphasizing the value of personalized metabolic support in critical care.

PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF PANCREATIC TISSUE IN THE OFFSPRING OF DIABETIC MOTHER RATS (LITERATURE REVIEW)

2025-06-07

In recent years, diabetes mellitus has become a widespread endocrine disorder and a significant medical and social problem for many countries. This is often associated with the high frequency of various complications of the disease (blindness, small intestine insufficiency, myocardial infarction, gastrointestinal system disorders, gangrene of the limbs, etc.). These complications, in turn, lead to loss of working capacity and disability in patients. Although damage to various organs in diabetes mellitus has been extensively studied, unfortunately, the morphofunctional condition of organs, particularly the vascular and tissue structures of the stomach, has not yet been sufficiently explored in depth. To date, the morphofunctional features and pathogenesis mechanisms of organ damage in diabetes mellitus, especially the ante- and postnatal morphogenesis of internal organs and the pathomorphological mechanisms of damage in offspring born to diabetic mothers, have not been adequately investigated. However, an in-depth study of this disease opens up opportunities to influence the outcome of complications, and to improve the quality and effectiveness of treatment.Thus, the search for solutions to these issues highlights the relevance and significance of problems in this field.

FEATURES OF THE ORIGIN OF FATTY LIVER DYSTROPHY IN ADOLESCENTS

Ahmedova N.A., Abdiyeva M.B., Oydinova M.O., Muzaffarov O.M. — 2025-06-07

In this article, the influence of clinical-metabolic risk factors on the development of fatty hepatosis and the role of this disease in the deepening of obesity in the conditions of simple (exogenous-constitutional) obesity in 93 adolescents aged 17-30 years were determined. According to the results of the study, it was determined that abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, and stress are the most sensitive risk factors for the development of fatty hepatosis in adolescents. However, high specific risk factors include atherogenic dyslipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance, inflammatory and prothrombotic conditions, and microalbuminuria. The frequency of fatty hepatosis among teenagers was 22%. We found out that the causes of fatty hepatosis in this age group are lack of energy, poor nutrition, and high consumption of energy products. Thus, taking into account the individual risk factors of adolescents in the early stages of fatty hepatosis, it is recommended to include drugs with hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective properties in the complex therapy for the prevention of fatty hepatosis.

CANDIDIASIS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Yodgorova N.T., Ravshanova M.S. — 2025-06-07

Candidiasis is an opportunistic infection due to Candida, which can affect the oral cavity, vagina, penis, or other parts of the body. Identify the etiology of candidiasis medical conditions and emergencies. Untreated Candida infection carries the risk of leading to a systemic infection in which other organs can become involved and may lead to sepsis. This activity covers the presentation, examination, diagnosis, treatment, and management of this condition to enable healthcare practitioners to achieve optimal patient outcomes.

GENDER-SPECIFIC FUNCTIONAL PROFILES IN OUTPATIENT GERIATRIC REHABILITATION: TOWARDS A PERSONALIZED MULTICOMPONENT MODEL

Musaeva O.T. — 2025-06-07

The article presents the results of an outpatient study on functional deficits in elderly patients, with a focus on gender differences and personalized approaches to rehabilitation. The research was conducted using a structured clinical-functional evaluation of 247 geriatric patients (135 women and 112 men) aged 60 and older. Validated scales were applied, including MMSE, MoCA, BDI, MNA, TUG, Barthel Index, and SF-36. The study included analysis of physical, cognitive, emotional, nutritional, and social impairments, stratified by sex and age. The findings revealed significant gender-related differences: women were more likely to experience depression, malnutrition, and loneliness, while men demonstrated higher rates of sarcopenia, cognitive decline, and mobility disorders. Implementation of a gender-sensitive rehabilitation model resulted in significant improvement across multiple indicators (p < 0.05), emphasizing the need for differentiated ambulatory care strategies.

TOXICITY ASSESSMENT OF STEM CELLS IN SOFT TISSUE DEFECTS IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS

Nishanov Zh.H., Khramova N.V. — 2025-06-07

The article presents an experimental analysis of cytoxicity of stem cells application in deep soft tissue defects in experimental animals (rats). The dynamics of animal weight and relative weight of internal organs also did not undergo statistically significant deviations in comparison with control and reference values, which indicates the safety of the used stem cells for the organism of experimental animals.

OUR EXPERIENCE WITH SURGICAL TREATMENT OF ROTATOR CUFF INJURIES OF THE SHOULDER JOINT

Temurov A.A., Khursanov M.Kh., Nurumov S.Y. — 2025-06-07

CSJ injuries occur in 63-84% of shoulder injuries. The rotator cuff ranks third (16%) after spinal (23%) and knee (19%) disorders in terms of frequency of rotator cuff injuries. The frequency of tears varies from 5 to 37% (A. DePalma), of which about 15-20% in 60-year-olds, 26-30% in 70-year-olds, and 36-80% in 80-year-olds. Such a high incidence of pathology is predetermined by regular degenerative changes in the tendinous and muscular tissues of the rotator cuff of the shoulder, which develop in people with age and are caused by anatomical features of the shoulder joint structure. In the tendon part of the rotator cuff of the shoulder there is a so-called ‘load cable’ or ‘sickle-shaped area’, within which blood flow is reduced, and there the tear formation occurs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is highly informative in the diagnosis of pathological changes of the rotator cuff of the shoulder. T2-VI with signal suppression from fatty tissue in the oblique coronal projection is considered to be the most informative.

STUDY OF P-SELECTIN LEVELS AND HEMOSTASIS GENES GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS AMONG PATIENTS WITH GOUT

Akramova N.T., Nabiyeva D.A., Bobomurodov T.A., Bobomurodova D.T. — 2025-06-07

Gout is a metabolic and inflammatory disorder characterized by hyperuricemia and crystal-induced arthritis, often accompanied by an elevated risk of cardiovascular events and thrombosis. P-selectin, a marker of platelet activation and endothelial dysfunction, has been implicated in thrombotic processes. Genetic polymorphisms in hemostasis-related genes may contribute to both hyperuricemia-related inflammation and thrombogenic potential. The objective of this study was to investigate P-selectin levels and common genetic polymorphisms in MTHFR, F5, F2, and PAI-1 genes among 80 patients with gout and 20 healthy controls to assess their combined role in increasing thrombotic risk. Plasma P-selectin levels and genotypic variations in MTHFR C677T, F5 G1691A, F2 G20210A, and PAI-1 675 4G/5G were analyzed in a cohort of gout patients (n = 80) and healthy controls (n = 20). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to quantify P-selectin. Genotyping was conducted using TaqMan PCR. Statistical correlation analyses were performed to determine the relationship between elevated P-selectin levels and the presence of high-risk genotypes. Gout patients exhibited significantly elevated P-selectin levels (range: 0.01–3.58 ng/mL), with many exceeding the normal threshold (0.30 ng/mL), compared to controls (0.02–0.18 ng/mL). High-risk genotypes were notably more frequent among gout patients: MTHFR TT (13%), F5 AA (5%), F2 AA (22%), and PAI-1 4G/4G (62%). Correlation analysis showed a moderate positive relationship between P-selectin levels and genetic polymorphisms (r = 0.378, p = 0.00036), with R² = 0.143. Elevated P-selectin levels in gout patients are moderately associated with thrombosis-related genetic polymorphisms, suggesting an interplay between genetic predisposition and thrombo-inflammatory processes in gout.

LIVER MORPHOMETRIC CHANGES DURING FETAL DEVELOPMENT IN EXPERIMENTAL KIDNEY DISEASE: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

Rakhmankulova N.G. — 2025-06-07

For the first time, a systematic investigation was conducted on white fetal rats with experimentally induced chronic kidney disease (CKD) to assess morphological changes in different regions of liver tissue. The study evaluated the effects of Juizar water treatment by analyzing morphometric parameters of the liver to determine its therapeutic efficacy. Additionally, the research aimed to establish early diagnostic criteria for liver cell damage based on experimental findings. The results were used to develop examination protocols for treating women with CKD, with a focus on predicting and preventing liver complications. Further studies were conducted to prepare reproductive age women particularly pregnant women for healthy fetal development by enabling early detection and prevention of liver cell damage. In Uzbekistan, work is carried out to improve the social protection of the population and the quality of medical services. Steps are taken towards the elimination of chronic liver diseases, prevention of their consequences, as well as the introduction of early diagnosis and effective treatment methods. In this regard, it is important to improve the skills of medical personnel, introduce modern diagnostic tools and provide the population with the right health information. In the Prevention of liver diseases, the formation of the right lifestyle and regular medical examinations are central. The reforms carried out in this way in our country serve to improve the quality of prevention and treatment of diseases.

MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LIVER DURING PREGNANCY IN EXPERIMENTAL CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE

Rakhmankulova N.G. — 2025-06-07

The treatment of liver pathologies in chronic renal failure observed during pregnancy and the prevention of their consequences remains a medical and social problem worldwide. Despite the development of methods for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases, mortality rates from them occupy leading places. Currently, in our country, special attention is paid to improving the quality of social protection and the health care system, diagnosis and treatment of chronic liver diseases. We studied the morphological and morphometric parameters of the liver of pregnant white rats. The main purpose of the study of post-chronic kidney disease changes in morphological and morphometric indicators of the liver of white-breed fetal rats.

MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE PANCREAS OF OFFSPRING BORN FROM MOTHERS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES

Sabirov U., Adilbekova D.B., Akhrorov A.A., Toshpulatov S.S. — 2025-06-07

Diabetes mellitus (DM) in the mother is a serious metabolic disorder that profoundly affects fetal development, in particular, the morphogenesis and functional maturation of the pancreas. This review summarizes the experimental data of studies investigating the morphological and functional state of the pancreas in the offspring of diabetic rat mothers. Using alloxan citrate buffered diabetic rat models, the researchers demonstrated that maternal hyperglycemia impairs pancreatic development, resulting in structural abnormalities such as reduced beta-cell mass, disorganized islet architecture, and impaired endocrine function in the offspring. Histopathological analyses reveal marked changes including reduced islet density, fibrosis, and irregular vascularization, which may contribute to long-term metabolic dysfunction, suggesting impaired adaptive mechanisms in glucose homeostasis. Mechanistically, these effects are attributed to intrauterine oxidative stress, epigenetic modifications, and altered expression of critical developmental genes. The results highlight the importance of glycemic control during pregnancy to mitigate the adverse effects of programming on pancreatic health in the offspring. Furthermore, this review highlights gaps in current research, such as the long-term consequences of these changes in adulthood and potential therapeutic interventions. Understanding these mechanisms may inform strategies to prevent metabolic disorders in individuals exposed to a diabetic intrauterine environment.

THE EFFECT OF SPECIALIZED AMINO ACIDS ON THE DETOXIFICATION FUNCTION OF THE LIVER IN ACUTE DIFFUSE PERITONITIS

Gaziev Z.T., Saparniyazov N.S. — 2025-06-07

The article presents the results of a prospective clinical and laboratory study aimed at assessing the effect of specialized amino acid solutions on the liver detoxification function in patients with acute diffuse peritonitis. Biochemical parameters (ALT, AST, bilirubin, albumin), plasma ammonia levels and the results of the caffeine test as a marker of liver microsomal activity were studied. It was shown that the use of amino acids (including ornithine, arginine, glutamine and BCAA) leads to a reliable improvement in the synthetic and detoxification function of the liver, acceleration of xenobiotic metabolism and a decrease in endogenous intoxication. The results confirm the advisability of including amino acid support in the complex therapy of acute surgical conditions accompanied by liver dysfunction.

OPTIMIZING POST-STROKE REHABILITATION: COMPARING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PHARMACOPUNCTURE, KINESIOTHERAPY, KINESIOTAPING, REFLEXOTHERAPY, AND KORVIT DEVICE

Kim O.A., Bebitova Sh.E., Saydaliyeva S.Sh. — 2025-06-07

Motor dysfunction after stroke remains one of the main challenges in the patient’s recovery process. Timely and well-structured rehabilitation can significantly improve movement, reduce complications, and restore independence. This study compares two modern rehabilitation approaches used in the early recovery phase of ischemic stroke. The first group of patients received a combination of pharmacopuncture, kinesiotherapy, and kinesiotaping. The second group was treated with reflexotherapy using the "Korvit" device. A third group received only standard rehabilitation methods. Clinical results were assessed using the Fugl-Meyer Scale, Barthel Index, and Modified Ashworth Scale. After a six-week course, the first group showed the most significant improvements in motor activity and reduction of spasticity. The second group also demonstrated better outcomes than the control group. These findings suggest that the use of combined and integrative rehabilitation techniques may increase the effectiveness of stroke recovery programs and help optimize treatment strategies in clinical practice.

ANALYSIS OF INFLAMMATORY DISEASES OF THE THROAT AND THE ANTIBIOTICS USED IN THEM

Yodgorova N.T., Mamanov J.B., Makhsudkhojayeva Kh.M. — 2025-06-07

Research objective: To determine the etiology of throat diseases in the population of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2023-2024 and to describe their antibiotic resistance status. Materials and methods: The infections detected in patients with throat infections from the second half of 2023 to the beginning of 2024 at the Bacteriological Laboratory of the Tashkent Medical Academy of the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as the microorganisms identified in them and their antibiotic sensitivity were analyzed. Bacteriological and statistical methods were used. Analysis and discussion of results: During this 6-month period, 200 patients (25 men, 175 women) complained of inflammatory diseases in the throat. When samples taken from them were laboratory diagnosed, more than 400 different bacteria were detected in all patients (Streptococcus ssp.-60%, Candida ssp.-30%, Staphylococcus aureus-10%). Conclusion: As a result of the analysis, we can see that women are more likely to get sore throats (88%) (average age was 27). The most common cause of inflammation is Streptococcus ssp (60%), and the most effective antibiotics for the bacteria: Sulfamethoxazole, Levofloxacin, Amoxicillin and Ampicillin gave good results.

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE LEVEL OF DENTAL HYGIENE KNOWLEDGE AMONG INDIVIDUALS WITH HEARING IMPAIRMENT

Yuldashev F.F., Kuryozov A.K. — 2025-06-07

The study is devoted to assessing the level of dental hygiene knowledge among individuals with hearing impairment. The data obtained from a survey of 300 respondents was analyzed. The frequency of visiting the dentist, awareness of professional hygiene, use of additional care products, and motivation to receive recommendations were assessed. Insufficient knowledge, low frequency of use of additional hygiene products, and poor awareness of the role of dental hygienists were established. The results emphasize the need to develop targeted preventive programs adapted to the needs of this group.

STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES ON FERTILITY AND EARLY POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT IN OFFSPRING OF FEMALE RATS

2025-06-07

This research investigated the effects of experimentally induced diabetes in white outbred female rats on their fertility and the early postnatal development of their offspring. The experiment revealed that diabetes negatively impacts fertility, pregnancy progression, and physical development in newborns. In female rats with experimentally induced diabetes, pregnancy rates decreased to 62%, and the duration of pregnancy increased to 24–26 days. Offspring of diabetic females showed signs of compromised development, characterized by obesity, abnormally large size (macrosomia), and delayed milestones in physiological maturation, including later detachment of ear pinnae, slower fur growth, delayed emergence of incisors, and later opening of the eyes. These results confirm that diabetes in the maternal organism leads to decreased fertility and the birth of physiologically immature and less viable animals, highlighting the importance of monitoring the mother's health during pregnancy.

LIVER FIBROSIS AND METABOLIC CHANGES IN NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE: MODERN APPROACHES TO DIAGNOSTICS

Parpiboyeva D.A., Musayeva M.A. — 2025-06-07

This study is devoted to the assessment of metabolic changes and the degree of liver fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), including steatosis of varying degrees. The study included 90 patients with NAFLD and 45 people in the control group.
Research methods: clinical and laboratory methods, ultrasound elastometry (FibroScan), DEBQ questionnaire to identify eating disorders, molecular genetic analysis of the expression level of microRNA-221.

ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECT OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE CELLS ON THE REGENERATION OF THE ORAL MUCOSA

Khusanova Yu.B., Khramova N.V. — 2025-06-07

This study presents a comparative experimental analysis of a tissue-engineered construct composed of silk degummed gauze and allofibroblasts for the treatment of mucosal defects in rats. The dynamics of animal weight and the relative weight of internal organs did not exhibit statistically significant deviations compared to control and reference values, indicating the safety of the cell therapy and tissue engineering methods employed for the experimental animals. The proposed tissue-engineered construct effectively supports the maintenance of proliferating dermal fibroblasts within the scaffold.

THE INFLUENCE OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON THE PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT OF SCHOOLCHILDREN

Nurullaev Yo.E., Kamilova R.T., Slavinskaya N.S. — 2025-06-07

Research has shown that physical activity in school-age children has a positive impact on their physical development, particularly during adolescence. Girls aged 11-15 who participate in sports exhibit significantly higher body mass and height measurements compared to their inactive peers. For boys, the most pronounced effects of physical activity are seen in height measurements during the early school years (ages 7-10), indicating that physical activity is especially important for stimulating linear growth in the early stages of school age. It has been established that regular physical exercise contributes to accelerated somatic development during puberty.

OBSTETRIC AND GYNECOLOGICAL HISTORY OF PREGNANT WOMEN WITH CHRONIC VIRAL HEPATITIS B WITH AND WITHOUT DELTA AGENT

Tashpulatova Sh.A. — 2025-06-07

The impact of infection in women suffering from chronic viral hepatitis B on pregnancy outcomes has not been fully studied, and existing research shows contradictory results. A review of the literature revealed no reliable data on the course and outcomes of hepatitis D during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to analyze the obstetric and gynecological history of pregnant women infected with chronic viral hepatitis B with and without the D-agent. From 2017 to 2021, a prospective study was conducted at the City Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital No. 1 in Tashkent involving 260 pregnant women: 142 were infected with HBV without the D-agent, and 118 with the D-agent. The results showed that pregnant women with HBV without the D-agent had a significantly higher probability of favorable pregnancy outcomes, whereas women with HBV associated with the D-agent experienced significantly more frequent complicated deliveries and neonatal complications.

IMPROVEMENT OF THE FORENSIC MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS OF THE PRESCRIPTION OF SOFT TISSUE INJURIES BASED ON QUANTITATIVE MORPHOMETRIC CRITERIA

Ruziev Sh.I. — 2025-06-07

Determining the prescription of soft tissue injuries is one of the most difficult and urgent problems of modern forensic medical examination. Accurate temporal assessment of traumatic effects is crucial in the investigation of crimes against life and health, establishing the sequence of events in accidents, as well as verifying the testimony of participants in the incident and witnesses. This information often becomes key in determining the cause-and-effect relationships between injury and the consequences that have occurred, which directly affects the qualification of the act in the criminal law aspect.

THE IMPORTANCE OF AUTONOMIC DISORDERS IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME IN MEDICAL WORKERS

Umirova S.M., Bebitova Sh.E. — 2025-06-07

This study investigates the prevalence and clinical characteristics of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) among healthcare workers, a group often exposed to high levels of stress and irregular work schedules. A total of 60 individuals were examined, and IBS symptoms were identified in 83.3% of them. The most common subtype was diarrhea-predominant IBS, followed by mixed and constipation-predominant types. Heart rate variability analysis revealed signs of autonomic nervous system dysfunction in all IBS subtypes, with the most significant imbalances observed in the mixed-type group. The study also found a strong correlation between autonomic imbalance and the severity of IBS symptoms. These findings highlight the importance of addressing psycho-emotional stress and autonomic regulation in the prevention and management of IBS, especially in healthcare professionals.