JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND SCIENTIFIC MEDICINE

THE ROLE AND PLACE OF INNATE AND ACQUIRED IMMUNITY IN THE REGENERATION OF LONG-TERM NON-HEALING WOUNDS AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF DIABETES MELLITUS

2024-09-23T08:37:35+00:00

The physiological process of wound healing includes four stages: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and maturation. The correct and coordinated work ensures a strict staged regenerative process. However, when wounds do not go through this organised process, their healing is delayed, and this eventually leads to chronic or long-lasting wounds. Common signs of non-healing wounds are exudation, reinfection, tissue necrosis, defective re-epithelialization, decreased angiogenesis, and excess production of reactive oxygen species. In general, chronic wounds can be divided into three main categories: diabetic foot ulcers, vascular ulcers, and pressure ulcers. They are usually observed in elderly people suffering from pathological conditions such as diabetes mellitus, vascular diseases and obesity. This review article is devoted to the features of the reaction of innate and acquired immunity in the course of long-term non-healing wounds.

A METHOD FOR MODELING A NEW EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF PANCREATIC NECROSIS COMPLICATED BY SEPSIS

2024-10-04T08:56:43+00:00

In our time, finding a more complex inflammatory disease of the abdominal organs in its pathogenesis is more difficult than acute pancreatitis. Over the past 50 years, acute pancreatitis ranks third among acute surgical diseases of the abdominal cavity and accounts for about 12.5% of all urgent pathology. At the same time, diagnostics and surgical tactics for pancreatic necrosis remain one of the far-fetched problems in urgent abdominal surgery. There is no doubt that this problem is related to the difficulties of prognosis and early diagnosis of destructive forms of acute pancreatitis. In the modern view of the mechanism of development of any variant of sepsis, the process associated with the development of the syndrome of systemic inflammatory reaction is put in the first place. At the same time, the presence of a purulent focus in the body, and even more so in the presence of organ dysfunction of at least one vital organ, corresponds to the full presentation of the verdict of surgical sepsis. It is based on these considerations that the main objectives of this article, reflecting the results of our study, were to develop an experimental model of pancreatic necrosis complicated by sepsis, in which the trigger will be the general reaction of the body that takes place in clinical practice.

FEATURES OF CLINICAL MANIFESTATION OF ACUTE INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION IN ELDERLY AND SENILE PATIENTS

2024-10-06T07:06:51+00:00

One of the most severe in its unpredictability urgent pathology of the abdominal cavity organs, in fairness, is considered to be acute intestinal obstruction. This is due to the persistence of the difficulties of diagnosis and therapeutic measures in acute intestinal obstruction in elderly and senile patients. A clinical analysis of the features of acute intestinal obstruction manifestation in 53 elderly and senile patients was carried out. The results obtained indicate that in elderly and senile patients, the features of acute intestinal obstruction are prevalent in tumour genesis with erasure of the clinical picture and well-known symptoms of the disease. The reason for this is the severity of the morbid background against the background of a large number of concomitant diseases.

WAYS TO IMPROVE THE RESULTS OF TREATMENT OF ACUTE AND CHRONIC PARAPROCTITIS

2024-10-06T14:42:13+00:00

Our study aimed to optimise the treatment of acute paraproctitis and rectal fistulas by conducting a multivariate study of the results of paraproctitis treatment. Fistulotomy and ligature treatment of fistulas have been shown to have a low rate of recurrence but are associated with a high risk of faecal retention disorders. The method of plastic surgery of the internal opening of the fistula with a relocated flap has a high rate of recurrence and the development of faecal incontinence in the postoperative period and cannot be considered a safe alternative to traditional methods. The ratio of the incidence of acute paraproctitis and rectal fistulas is 5:1, regardless of the type of primary intervention, which does not support the desire for primary radicalism in the surgical treatment of acute paraproctitis. Ligation of the fistula in the inner sphincter layer may be proposed as the surgery of choice for the treatment of complex types of rectal fistulas.

DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF ACUTE ADHESIVE INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION

2024-10-06T15:17:35+00:00

This article is devoted to the search for ways to improve the diagnosis and treatment of acute adhesive intestinal obstruction. Based on the studies carried out, we proved that to improve the results of surgical treatment of acute adhesive intestinal obstruction, it is necessary to reduce the time of delivery of patients to the hospital, to increase the use of X-ray and endoscopic methods of examination, to improve the technique of surgical and anaesthetic aid. Laparoscopic adhesiolysis in acute adhesive intestinal obstruction makes it possible to activate patients early, reduce the duration of inpatient treatment and the need for medications, and reduce the risk of developing abdominal adhesions. Laparoscopic adhesiolysis should be performed according to strict indications by experienced surgeons, with careful observance of all the technical details of the intervention. The main risk factors for lethal outcomes in acute adhesive intestinal obstruction are late surgical intervention and postoperative complications due to both the severity of the patient's condition and the imperfection of surgical technique.

PATHOGENESIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ACUTE PURULENT-DESTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASES IN PATIENTS WITH SARS-CoV-2

2024-10-07T17:21:01+00:00

The problem of diagnosis and treatment of acute purulent-destructive lung diseases is still relevant due to the continuing high frequency of unsatisfactory outcomes. To date, the high effectiveness of such methods as increasing the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy with the use of intravascular (into the pulmonary artery, into the bronchial artery) administration of drugs and intracavitary (transthoracic, endobronchial) ways of sanitation of purulent-destructive foci in the lungs has already been proven. The main problems that need to be solved are the identification of patients at risk of developing acute purulent-destructive lung diseases and the development of more effective approaches to their treatment. One of these risks today is ventilator-associated pneumonia against the background of SARS-CoV-2. This manuscript is devoted to a review of the literature on the pathogenesis of the development of acute purulent-destructive lung diseases in patients with SARS-CoV-2

MORPHOLOGY OF THE AORTA IN METABOLIC SYNDROME

2024-10-14T07:52:06+00:00

Background. In recent years, hypokinesia has become not only a medical but also a social problem. Several factorscause hypokinesia: high automation of production, transition to a sedentary lifestyle, and being in bed after certain diseases. The classification of hypokinesia is presented in several literature. According to the World Health Organization, about 60% of the world's population does not have enough physical activity to lead a healthy lifestyle

Methods. Mature white laboratory rats weighing 180-200 grams were used as study material. The white rats taken for the experiment were divided into 2 groups. Complex morphological studies include general histologic and histochemical techniques, morphometry, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy.

Results. Studying the nature and initial changes of the morphological changes observed as a result of hypokinesia and the consequences of metabolic syndrome is an urgent medical problem. A high-calorie diet throughout life is considered one of the main causes of metabolic syndrome. In understanding the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and hypodynamia, it is important to know the morphological changes observed in these pathologies. As an object of research, we studied the morphological changes in arteries of elastic type. The obtained results revealed destructive and defragmentation changes in fibrous structures in the walls of elastic-type arteries.

Conclusion. In experimental hypokinesia and metabolic syndrome, there is a thickening of the internal elastic membrane of the wall of the thoracic aorta, a decrease in the thickness of the middle layer, and a decrease in the number of smooth muscle cells in the vascular wall.

MORPHOLOGY OF THE PANCREAS AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF HYPOTHYROIDISM

2024-10-15T05:00:06+00:00

Background. Hypothyroidism is associated with several disorders in all organs and systems due to the various effects of thyroid hormones. First, the circulatory system, the digestive system (liver function), the central nervous system, the organs of vision, and the reproductive system are affected.

Methods. Research has scientifically substantiated the results of inspections conducted on 56 white laboratory rats during early postnatal ontogenesis. In the complex morphological studies, which includes in its membership general histologic, histochemical techniques organometri, morphometry. Experiments and slaughter of animals were carried out by the “European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals Used for Experimental and Other Scientific Purposes”.

Results. The results of the study showed that the introduction of mercazolil into the lobes of the pancreas of experimental rats led to changes associated with the normalization of the structural organization of the pancreatic skull, interlobular connective tissue with the formation of fibrous tissue components, as well as the disappearance of choroid oedema observed in the interlobular connective tissue.

Conclusion. For the study, we used the offspring of rats born from control and experimental white laboratory rats - mothers under conditions of hypothyroidism. The results of the study showed that the introduction of Mercazolil into the pancreatic lobules of experimental rats led to changes associated with the normalization of the structural organization of the pancreatic cranium, interlobular connective tissue with the formation of fibrous tissue components, as well as the disappearance of choroidal oedema observed in the interlobular connective tissue.