JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND SCIENTIFIC MEDICINE

WORLD HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF SURGERY

Sh.A. Boymuradov, D. Rose, V. Raymond; A.O. Okhunov — Sat, 08 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Surgery is the branch of medicine that deals with the physical manipulation of a bodily structure to diagnose, prevent, or cure an ailment. Ambroise Pare, a 16th-century French surgeon, stated that to perform surgery is, "To eliminate that which is superfluous, restore that which has been dislocated, separate that which has been united, join that which has been divided and repair the defects of nature." Since humans first learned how to make and handle tools, they have employed their talents to develop surgical techniques, each time more sophisticated than the last; however, until the Industrial Revolution, surgeons were incapable of overcoming the three principal obstacles which had plagued the medical profession from its infancy—bleeding, pain and infection. Advances in these fields have transformed surgery from a risky art into a scientific discipline capable of treating many diseases and conditions. This manuscript is a continuation of our reports on the history of medicine and this is very important, since the meaning of history is the road to the construction of the future [1-11].

RISK FACTORS FOR POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS AFTER LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY

F.M. Abdurakhmanov, N.S. Muzaffarov — Wed, 19 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is currently considered one of the important approaches to the treatment of acute calculous cholecystitis in elderly and senile patients. According to the terms of the Tokyo Guidelines of 2018, laparoscopic cholecystectomy in elderly and senile patients should be performed immediately after establishing the general condition of the patient as mild or moderate severity. According to the Tokyo Guidelines of 2018, such a condition of the patient of elderly and senile age can be assessed as capable of tolerating laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This review article is devoted to the analysis of the current literature on risk factors for postoperative complications after laparoscopic cholecystectomy in elderly and senile patients.

EFFICACY OF PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF PURULENT-INFLAMMATORY DISEASES

K.Kh. Boboev, N.S. Muzaffarov — Wed, 19 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Photodynamic therapy is a part of photochemotherapy, in which, in addition to light and the drug, oxygen is needed. The mechanisms of the cytotoxic effect of photodynamic therapy have been shown in detail in the works of T.J. Dougherty and can be presented as follows. Photosensitizer molecules introduced into the body are selectively fixed on cell membranes and mitochondria. Moreover, the maximum concentration of the drug in the tissues is reached after 24-72 hours. When photosensitized tumor tissue is irradiated with laser radiation, there is a transition of non-toxic triplet oxygen into singlet oxygen, which has a pronounced cytotoxic effect, which leads to the destruction of the cell membranes of tumor cells. This review article is devoted to the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of purulent-inflammatory diseases.