PATHOGENESIS OF ACUTE INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION IN ELDERLY AND SENILE AGE PATIENTS

Abstract

Pathomorphological changes in the intestine during the development of acute intestinal obstruction depend on the form of the lesion of this organ. Thus, in patients with strangulation intestinal obstruction, the main area of the lesion is considered to be the strangulation area, that is, the place where the main vessels and nerves of the mesentery are compressed. Along with this, compression occurs and the area of the intestine itself, leading to a violation of trophism in this area. In contrast to the above, in case of obturational intestinal obstruction, the main pathological manifestations occur in the leading part of the intestine. With the development of dynamic intestinal obstruction, the intestine does not have a certain area of the lesion and all pathological processes are diffuse. A common, unifying content in the development of acute intestinal obstruction in elderly and senile patients is considered to be the presence of a number of pathological syndromes, such as enteral insufficiency, water-electrolyte balance disorders, protein imbalance, endotoxiscosis, sepsis, etc. To properly understand the physiology and pathology of acute intestinal obstruction, a deep understanding of the anatomy of the intestine is required. The basis of intestinal anatomy is rooted in intestinal embryology.

This review article presents up-to-date information on the anatomical prerequisites of pathogenesis and clinical and laboratory changes in acute intestinal obstruction in elderly and senile patients.